{"id":74,"date":"2015-10-28T16:14:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-28T15:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.151.5\/?page_id=74"},"modified":"2016-04-05T12:32:53","modified_gmt":"2016-04-05T11:32:53","slug":"chov-zvirat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/pro-dospele\/zemedelstvi-a-kuchyne\/chov-zvirat\/","title":{"rendered":"Chov zv\u00ed\u0159at"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

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<\/i>V\u00edte ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>

Domestikace zv\u00ed\u0159at prob\u00edhala z\u0159ejm\u011b postupn\u011b, relativn\u011b dlouho mohla trvat polodivok\u00e1 f\u00e1ze. Prav\u011bk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk dok\u00e1zal lapit divok\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e do n\u011bjak\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00e9 plochy, kde mu poskytoval ochranu a potravu, dokud nedos\u00e1hlo jate\u010dn\u00ed velikosti. Teprve a\u017e s c\u00edlen\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm jedinc\u016f s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi \u2013 masit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, krot\u0161\u00ed, zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 se za\u010daly vyd\u011blovat domestikovan\u00e9 druhy. Tak nap\u0159\u00edklad je\u0161t\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku dom\u00e1c\u00ed prasata, ji\u017e d\u00e1vno krotk\u00e1 a zvykl\u00e1 na \u010dlov\u011bka, p\u0159ipom\u00ednala na pohled sp\u00ed\u0161e drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed divo\u010d\u00e1ky, ne\u017e r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 zavalit\u00e9 vep\u0159e, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zav\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/p>\n

Dobytek<\/strong> byl postupn\u011b domestikov\u00e1n od neolitu, jedn\u00e1 se ale o pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhodob\u00fd proces. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata byla chov\u00e1na nejen kv\u016fli masu<\/strong>, ml\u00e9ku<\/strong> a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm, jako je k\u016f\u017ee<\/strong>, vlna<\/strong> a dal\u0161\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jako zdroj s\u00edly<\/strong>. Od pozdn\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1my\u00a0doklady z\u00e1p\u0159ahu p\u0159i orb\u011b.<\/p>\n

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<\/i>V\u00edte ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>

Z nalezen\u00fdch koster zv\u00ed\u0159at zji\u0161\u0165ujeme, \u017ee v d\u016fsledku domestikace doch\u00e1zelo k jejich zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fd\u0161ka skotu v dob\u011b \u017eelezn\u00e9 \u010dinila cca 110 cm v kohoutku, v\u00fd\u0161ka ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho kon\u011b nep\u0159esahovala 140 cm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zav\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/p>\n

\"T\u0159men<\/a>Skladba chovan\u00fdch druh\u016f n\u00e1s nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed: domestikac\u00ed pratura vznikla dom\u00e1c\u00ed plemena skotu<\/strong>; p\u0159edkem domestikovan\u00e9ho prasete<\/strong> je prase divok\u00e9. Hov\u011bz\u00ed dobytek a prasata byly z\u0159ejm\u011b nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chovan\u00e9 druhy, chov\u00e1ny byly i ovce<\/strong> a kozy<\/strong>. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dr\u016fbe\u017ee<\/strong> pozn\u00e1n\u00ed komplikuje to, \u017ee pta\u010d\u00ed kosti se \u0161patn\u011b dochov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, ov\u0161em v\u00edme o tom, \u017ee jak kur dom\u00e1c\u00ed, tak i husy a kachny byly domestikovan\u00fdmi druhy. Z\u00a0doby hradi\u0161tn\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edmo na akropoli nap\u0159\u00edklad poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt hus\u00ed kosti. Lov nebyl hlavn\u00edm zdrojem ob\u017eivy, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jist\u011b \u0161lo o v\u00edtan\u00e9 p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00ed. V\u00fdznamnou slo\u017ekou potravy, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u Slovan\u016f, byly ryby<\/strong> \u2013 ty sice nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 stopy, jsme ale schopni identifikovat n\u00e1stroje slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0jejich lovu, nap\u0159. harpuna, ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 h\u00e1\u010dky \u010di z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem je k\u016f\u0148<\/strong>. Pro tah p\u0159i orb\u011b slou\u017eil skot, nesm\u00edrn\u00e1 hodnota kon\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed coby j\u00edzdn\u00edho zv\u00ed\u0159ete. N\u00e1lezy ko\u0148sk\u00fdch kost\u00ed jsou\u00a0na hradi\u0161ti dolo\u017eeny jak z\u00a0doby hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9, tak slovansk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/i>V\u00edte ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>

Chrt je z kulturn\u00edho hlediska zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm plemenem. Objevuje se ji\u017e ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b, v keltsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b i v antick\u00e9m st\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, jeho r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty potk\u00e1v\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d d\u011bjinami a v\u017edy m\u00e1 jist\u00fd punc u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho typu psa a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho lovce. Chrti nebyli b\u011b\u017en\u011b chov\u00e1ni v ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m slovansk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. p\u0159es Horn\u00ed Slezsko v\u0161ak proch\u00e1zela jedna z v\u011btv\u00ed proslul\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty: Jantarov\u00e9 stezky, kter\u00e1 kon\u010dila v Pobalt\u00ed. Tam se nach\u00e1zely obchodn\u00ed stanice Varjag\u016f (Viking\u016f), je\u017e plemena typu greyhound chovali). Nebudeme asi daleko od pravdy, kdy\u017e zkonstatujeme, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pes p\u0159edstavoval luxusn\u00ed majetek sv\u00e9ho p\u00e1na, snad ozdobu jeho sme\u010dky a mo\u017en\u00e1 luxusn\u00ed dar \u010di zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se na Chot\u011bbuz dostalo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zav\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm druhem siln\u011b kulturn\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00fdm s\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bkem je pes<\/strong>. N\u00e1lezy posledn\u00edch let ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pes doprov\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka u\u017e nejm\u00e9n\u011b 14\u00a0000 let. Konzumace ps\u00edho masa byla asi v\u00fdjimkou, nebo\u0165 nejen, \u017ee nebyla pot\u0159eba, vzhledem k po\u010detnosti chovu prasat a dobytka, ale nav\u00edc hodnota psa coby spole\u010dn\u00edka a str\u00e1\u017ece byla nesm\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. N\u00e1lezy ps\u00edch kost\u00ed jsou v\u00a0Chot\u011bbuzi op\u011bt dolo\u017eeny jak z\u00a0prav\u011bku, tak z\u00a0ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku. Pozoruhodn\u00fd je objev z\u00a0roku 2005, kdy se poda\u0159ilo nal\u00e9zt nezvykle dlouh\u00e9 ps\u00ed kosti. S\u00e9ri\u00ed anal\u00fdz a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se poda\u0159ilo plemeno psa identifikovat jako polsk\u00e9ho chrta<\/strong> \u010di plemeno podobn\u00e9 britsk\u00e9mu greyhoundovi<\/strong>, co\u017e byla v\u00a0na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch v\u00a0on\u00e9 dob\u011b zcela unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ps\u00ed rasa. Kosti byly nalezeny v\u00a0severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti akropole, v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho s\u00eddla m\u00edstn\u00edho vl\u00e1dce.<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dobytek byl postupn\u011b domestikov\u00e1n od neolitu, jedn\u00e1 se ale o pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhodob\u00fd proces. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata byla chov\u00e1na nejen kv\u016fli masu, ml\u00e9ku a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm, jako je k\u016f\u017ee, vlna a dal\u0161\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jako zdroj s\u00edly. Od pozdn\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1my\u00a0doklady z\u00e1p\u0159ahu p\u0159i orb\u011b. Skladba chovan\u00fdch druh\u016f n\u00e1s nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed: domestikac\u00ed pratura vznikla dom\u00e1c\u00ed plemena skotu; p\u0159edkem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":70,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-74","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2196,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74\/revisions\/2196"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/70"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}