{"id":90,"date":"2015-10-28T16:16:18","date_gmt":"2015-10-28T15:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.151.5\/?page_id=90"},"modified":"2016-04-21T16:19:43","modified_gmt":"2016-04-21T15:19:43","slug":"doba-hradistni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/pro-dospele\/dejiny-osidleni\/doba-hradistni\/","title":{"rendered":"Doba hradi\u0161tn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

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<\/i>V\u00edte ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
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V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>

Starohradi\u0161tn\u00ed obdob\u00ed se vymezuje zhruba od 7. stolet\u00ed do po\u010d\u00e1tku stolet\u00ed 9. St\u0159edohradi\u0161tn\u00ed doba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010dasu rozkv\u011btu Velkomoravsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 9. stolet\u00ed do poloviny 10. stolet\u00ed. Mladohradi\u0161tn\u00ed doba v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obdob\u00ed existence \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed, tedy od poloviny 10. stolet\u00ed do konce 12. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zav\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div> Nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slovansk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/strong> naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u010dasn\u011b slovansk\u00fdm obdob\u00edm, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku se v\u00a0archeologii ozna\u010duje jako doba hradi\u0161tn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed Slovan\u00e9<\/strong> se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed<\/strong> objevuj\u00ed asi v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 6. stolet\u00ed n. l.<\/strong> Kolem poloviny 7. stolet\u00ed se zde zformovala tzv. S\u00e1mova \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, voln\u00fd kmenov\u00fd svaz, jen\u017e vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b odporu v\u016f\u010di Avar\u016fm, kter\u00fdm byli Slovan\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzeni. Tento \u00fatvar se po smrti S\u00e1ma rozpadl. Avarsk\u00fd kagan\u00e1t, jeho\u017e j\u00e1dro se nach\u00e1zelo v\u00a0Panonii, byl dominantn\u00ed silou ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Podunaj\u00ed a\u017e do 9. stolet\u00ed. Proti kagan\u00e1tu vedl v\u00a0roce 791 velkou v\u00fdpravu fransk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Karel Velik\u00fd. Z\u00a0tohoto tvrd\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu se avarsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nevzpamatovala a zanikla. Ve\u00a0st\u0159edov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b tak vznik\u00e1 mocensk\u00e9 vakuum, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se mohl postupn\u011b zformovat nov\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar Slovan\u016f\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Velkomoravsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong>. Ta z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edch jihomoravsk\u00fdch center postupn\u011b expandovala do\u00a0cel\u00e9ho Pomorav\u00ed, n\u00e1sledn\u011b si pod\u0159\u00eddila rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b 9. stolet\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za vl\u00e1dy kn\u00ed\u017eete Svatopluka se st\u00e1v\u00e1 Velkomoravsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e skute\u010dn\u00fdm hegemonem st\u0159edov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n

\"Mapa<\/a>

Mapa hornoslezsk\u00fdch hradi\u0161\u0165<\/p><\/div>\n

Slovan\u00e9 os\u00eddlili lokalitu v Chot\u011bbuzi-Podobo\u0159e<\/strong>\u00a0zhruba v\u00a0polovin\u011b 8.\u00a0stolet\u00ed<\/strong>, tedy asi 1200 let po z\u00e1niku hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b. Chot\u011bbuz pat\u0159ila do m\u00edstn\u00ed skupiny hornoslezsk\u00fdch hradisek zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 Kamieniec, Sko\u010dov, Landek, Kyle\u0161ovice, Hradec, Mokre, V\u00edno, Komorno a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed Lubom.\u00a0<\/strong>Pokud jde o\u00a0kmenovou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost t\u011bchto Slovan\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji se uva\u017euje o\u00a0Holasic\u00edch. V\u00a0tomto kontextu le\u017e\u00ed Chot\u011bbuz sp\u00ed\u0161e na okraji na\u010drtnut\u00e9ho teritoria. V\u00fdzkumy tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee prav\u00fd b\u0159eh \u0159eky Ol\u0161e byl v\u00fdrazn\u011b hust\u011bji os\u00eddlen. Centrem tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed bylo z\u0159ejm\u011b zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 mohutn\u00e9 hradi\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0Lubomi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Chot\u011bbuz<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuje s\u00eddlo rozsahem sp\u00ed\u0161e men\u0161\u00ed. Spolu s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi<\/strong> men\u0161\u00edmi hradisky tak z\u0159ejm\u011b Chot\u011bbuz hr\u00e1la roli jak\u00e9si p\u0159edsunut\u00e9, men\u0161\u00ed pevnosti lubomsk\u00e9ho centra<\/strong>, kolem n\u011bho\u00a0ostatn\u00ed s\u00eddla uzav\u00edrala obrann\u00fd prstenec.<\/p>\n

Slovan\u00e9 vyu\u017eili ter\u00e9nn\u00ed poz\u016fstatky hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> valy zv\u00fd\u0161ili, opevnili d\u0159ev\u011bnou hradbou a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili. V\u00a0t\u00e9to prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed existovalo hradi\u0161t\u011b asi zhruba 100 let, ne\u017e do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu zven\u010d\u00ed. Dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed to \u010detn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy hrot\u016f \u0161\u00edp\u016f, po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00fdch vrstev a dokonce sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho obil\u00ed a kostry kon\u011b. Ud\u00e1losti mohou souviset s\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm \u00fatokem velkomoravsk\u00fdch vojsk proti kmenov\u00e9mu svazu malopolsk\u00fdch Vislan\u016f v\u00a080. letech 9. stolet\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed by muselo proj\u00edt p\u0159es\u00a0n\u00e1mi sledovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. A skute\u010dn\u011b, doklady n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho z\u00e1niku se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed i na ostatn\u00edch hornoslezsk\u00fdch hradi\u0161t\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b samotn\u00e9 Lubomi. Rozsah destrukce v\u00a0cel\u00e9m regionu ukazuje na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vojenskou akci, jak\u00e9 byla Velk\u00e1 Morava schopn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Hradisko v\u00a0Chot\u011bbuzi-Podobo\u0159e<\/strong>\u00a0je v\u00a0tomto ohledu v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee nebylo zni\u010deno<\/strong>. Interpretace n\u00e1lezov\u00fdch situac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se fortifikace spolu s\u00a0n\u00e1lezy p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f velkomoravsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee bylo u\u0161et\u0159eno. To z\u0159ejm\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0mocensk\u00fdmi ambicemi Velkomoravsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, na\u0161e lokalita toti\u017e p\u0159edstavuje dobr\u00fd op\u011brn\u00fd bod pro kontrolu zdej\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Slezska.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/i>V\u00edte ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>

Mezi v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty nalezen\u00e9 na lokalit\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed perfektn\u011b zachoval\u00fd den\u00e1r uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na (997\u20131038). Ten je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee se nach\u00e1zel v z\u00e1nikov\u00e9m horizontu hradi\u0161t\u011b \u2013 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na m\u00edsto dostal bu\u010f ji\u017e po z\u00e1niku hradi\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v jeho posledn\u00edch letech. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak datovat p\u0159ibli\u017enou dobu z\u00e1niku, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, \u017ee obchodn\u00ed cesty nad \u0159ekou Ol\u0161\u00ed regionem nad\u00e1le proch\u00e1zely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zav\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/p>\n

Mohutn\u00e9 z\u00e1nikov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech objevuj\u00ed, by pak souvisely s kolapsem mocensk\u00e9 soustavy Velk\u00e9 Moravy, jen\u017e nastal po n\u00e1hl\u00e9m rozpadu \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0prvn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch 10. stolet\u00ed vlivem vnit\u0159n\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a n\u00e1jezd\u016f Ma\u010far\u016f na ji\u017en\u00ed Moravu. Ani s\u00a0rozpadem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e zde ale os\u00eddlen\u00ed nezanik\u00e1, po polovin\u011b 10. stolet\u00ed<\/strong> se v\u00a0archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lezech objevuj\u00ed doklady \u017eivota na hradi\u0161ti<\/strong>. Lokalita ji\u017e nikdy nedos\u00e1hla p\u0159edchoz\u00edho v\u00fdznamu. Jako \u017eivotaschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt bl\u00edzk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo na Z\u00e1meck\u00e9m vrchu<\/strong>, na\u00a0druh\u00e9m b\u0159ehu \u0159eky. Zde se postupn\u011b tabluje hradi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 se stane praz\u00e1kladem pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho hradu a\u00a0m\u011bsta T\u011b\u0161\u00edna<\/strong> (Cieszyn). Chot\u011bbuzsk\u00e9 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b tak definitivn\u011b zanik\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b\u00a0v\u00a0polovin\u011b 11. stolet\u00ed postupn\u00fdm opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a>

\u010casov\u00e1 osa<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/center><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slovansk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u010dasn\u011b slovansk\u00fdm obdob\u00edm, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku se v\u00a0archeologii ozna\u010duje jako doba hradi\u0161tn\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed objevuj\u00ed asi v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 6. stolet\u00ed n. l. Kolem poloviny 7. stolet\u00ed se zde zformovala tzv. S\u00e1mova \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, voln\u00fd kmenov\u00fd svaz, jen\u017e vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b odporu v\u016f\u010di Avar\u016fm, kter\u00fdm byli Slovan\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzeni. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":86,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-90","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/90","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/90\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2273,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/90\/revisions\/2273"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drs-projekty.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}